BS EN 13261:2009+A1:2010 Railway applications. Wheelsets and bogies. Axles. Product requirements
BS EN 13261 is a European Standard specifies the characteristics of axles for use on European networks.
It defines characteristics of forged or rolled solid and hollow axles, made from vacuum-degassed steel grade EA1N1 that is the most commonly used grade on European networks. For hollow axles, this standard applies only to those that are manufactured by machining of a hole in a forged or rolled solid axle
In addition, the particular characteristics for axles in grade EA1T1 and EA4T1 are given in Annex A.
Two categories of axle are defined, category 1 and category 2. Generally, category 1 is chosen when the operational speed is higher than 200 km/h.
This standard is applicable to axles that are designed in accordance with the requirements of EN 13103 and EN 13104.
Contents of BS EN 13261:
Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Product definition
3.1 Chemical composition
3.1.1 Values to be achieved
3.1.2 Location of sample
3.1.3 Chemical analysis
3.2 Mechanical characteristics
3.2.1 Characteristics from tensile test
3.2.2 Impact test characteristics
3.2.3 Fatigue characteristics
3.3 Microstructure characteristics
3.3.1 Values to be achieved
3.3.2 Location of the test piece
3.3.3 Test method
3.4 Material cleanliness
3.4.1 Micrographic cleanliness
3.4.2 Internal integrity
3.5 Permeability to ultrasound
3.5.1 General
3.5.2 Level to be achieved
3.5.3 Test piece
3.5.4 Test method
3.6 Residual stresses
3.6.1 General
3.6.2 Values to be achieved
3.6.3 Test piece and position of measurement points
3.6.4 Measurement method
3.7 Surface characteristics
3.7.1 Surface finish
3.7.2 Surface integrity
3.8 Geometrical and dimensional tolerances
3.9 Protection against corrosion and against mechanical aggression
3.9.1 Final protection
3.9.2 Temporary protection
3.10 Marking
Annex A (normative) Particular characteristics for axles of steel grade EA1T and EA4T
Annex B (normative) Standard wedge for measurement of permeability to ultrasound
Annex C (normative) Method to assess resistance to impact of the coating
Annex D (normative) Method to assess resistance to gritting of the coating
Annex E (normative) Method to assess the resistance of the coating to specific corrosive products
Annex F (normative) Method to assess the resistance of the coating to cyclic mechanical stresses
Annex G (normative) Measurement of the hydrogen content in the steel for axles at the melting stage
Annex H (informative) Drawings of test pieces
Annex I (informative) Product qualification
Annex J (informative) Product delivery
Annex ZA (informative) !Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/EC
Bibliography