1 Scope
This technical report is applicable to tram vehicles according to EN 173431. Tram-Trainvehicles, on track machines, infrastructure inspection vehicles and road-rail machinesaccording to EN 173431 and demountable machines/machinery are not in the scope of thistechnical report.
This technical report describes passive safety measures to reduce the consequences ofcollisions with pedestrians. These measures provide the last means of protection when allother possibilities of preventing an accident have failed, i.e.
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— design recommendations for the vehicle front to minimize the impact effect on a pedestrian when hit,
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— design recommendations for the vehicle front end for side (lateral) deflections in order to minimize the risk of being drawn under the vehicle on flat ground (embedded track),
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— design recommendations for the vehicle body underframe to not aggravate injuries to a pedestrian/body lying on the ground,
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— recommendations to prevent the pedestrian from being over-run by the leading wheels of the vehicle.
The following measures to actively improve safety are not in the scope of this technical report:
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— colour of front;
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— additional position lights;
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— additional cameras;
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— driver assistance systems;
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— additional acoustic warning devices, etc.;
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— view of thedriver / mirrors;
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— consequences for pedestrian injuries due to secondary impact with infrastructure (side posts, concrete ground, poles, trees, etc.).
The recommendations of thistechnical report only apply to new vehicles.